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For the occurrence of a Fata Morgana a temperature distribution must be present, that may cause both upper mirages and lower mirages, for example a strong temperature inversion above a relatively warm sea surface. Above the sea the density upwards firstly increases considerably and is then greatly reduced higher up.
This is moreover an unstable condition, so all sorts of changes take place in these layers and deformations may occur in the image of the mirage. The objects often seem to be vertically elongated. Hence a small object is observed as a column or a tower